Hastelloy metals and alloys are distinguished for their exceptional resistance to high temperatures and corrosion.
Both stainless steel and Hastelloy alloys have tremendous strength and formability under stress, as well as excellent ductility. In contrast to other alloys, Hastelloy alloys are resistant to corrosive chemicals and acids, such as hydrochloric acid. A metallurgist can also create a superalloy to resist oxidizing chemicals.
What are Hastelloy metals and alloys?
Metals, such as silver and copper, are pure elements, whereas alloys are mixes of two or more elements created by human intervention. Despite the fact that stainless steel and Hastelloy alloys may be utilised for similar applications, there are significant distinctions between these two materials.
STAINLESS STEEL AND HASTELLOY ALLOY DIFFERENCES
Nickel and molybdenum are the main components of all Hastelloy alloys. Naturally, occurring nickel is a silvery metal with a melting point of 2,651 degrees Fahrenheit. It is highly corrosion-resistant.
Similarly, molybdenum is a lustrous, silvery metal with an extremely high melting temperature of 4,755 degrees Fahrenheit. It is employed to improve the strength, electrical conductivity, and hardness of specific alloys.
However, stainless steel is strengthened with nickel and chromium. Chromium functions as an anti-rusting agent. However, the increased nickel and molybdenum content of Hastelloy metals and alloys makes them more resistant to corrosion than stainless steel, especially at elevated temperatures.
HASTELLOY ALLOY OPTIMIZATION
While all grades of Hastelloy alloys are resistant to corrosion, different grades have been tailored for certain applications. The mechanical qualities of various alloy grades dictate their influence on deep drawing, stamping, and welding processes.
HASTELLOY ALLOY GRADES
In addition to nickel and molybdenum, different grades of Hastelloy alloys may contain varying proportions of iron, aluminium, tungsten, carbon, titanium, and chromium. The C-types are the most popular and versatile Hastelloy alloys.
Formulated in 1952, the Hastelloy X alloy is a more recent grade of superalloy compared to others. It contains higher percentages of iron to improve oxidation resistance, formability, and high-temperature strength. It can also be cold rolled to meet desired temper properties; however, it cannot be hardened by heat treatments.
The Hastelloy X alloy was created in 1952, making it a more recent superalloy than others. It contains increased amounts of iron to enhance oxidation resistance, formability, and high-temperature strength. It can also be cold-rolled to get the appropriate tempering qualities, but cannot be hardened through heat treatments.
B-Type Alloys
B-type alloys are distinguished by their high nickel and molybdenum content. Similar to nickel, molybdenum has great corrosion resistance. It has one of the highest melting points of any naturally occurring elements and is noted for its ductility. These alloys are designed to tolerate environments with hydrochloric, hydrobromic, and sulfuric acids, as well as harsh reducing conditions.
B-2 Alloy
This type of alloy typically consists of 65% nickel, 30% molybdenum, and trace amounts of iron, carbon, cobalt, chromium, manganese, silicon, phosphorus, and sulphur. It resists hydrochloric acid corrosion at any concentration or temperature. It is not, however, resistant to oxidizing agents.
B-3 Alloy
The usual composition of the B-3 alloy is 65 percent nickel, 30 percent molybdenum, and traces of manganese, cobalt, and chromium. In comparison to the B-2 alloy, it offers higher resistance to pitting and corrosion, as well as superior thermal stability. Similar to the B-2 alloy, it is liable to degrade prematurely when exposed to oxidizing chemicals.
C-Type Alloys
The C-family of alloys contains significant concentrations of nickel, molybdenum, and chromium. The addition of chromium improves the formability of these alloys, enabling them to endure high temperatures and reducing environments. The majority of C-type alloys can be made utilizing a variety of cold and hot working techniques, including deep drawing, press forming, and punching.
C-4 Alloy
The C-family of alloys contains significant concentrations of nickel, molybdenum, and chromium. The addition of chromium improves the formability of these alloys, enabling them to endure high temperatures and reducing environments. The majority of C-type alloys can be made utilizing a variety of cold and hot working techniques, including deep drawing, press forming, and punching.
C-22 Alloy
C-22 is one of the most commonly utilized alloys in flue gas desulfurization systems and pharmaceutical reaction vessels. In addition to other trace elements, it typically contains 58 percent nickel, 20 percent chromium, 13 percent molybdenum, 3.5 percent iron, 3 percent tungsten, and 2.5 percent cobalt. It is commonly utilized due to its weldability, although it should not be employed in settings exceeding 1,250 degrees Fahrenheit.
C-276 Alloy
This alloy is the standard for use in petrochemical processing. It is predominantly composed of nickel. Nonetheless, it contains an average of 16% molybdenum, 15% chromium, 5.5 % iron, 4% tungsten, and trace amounts of other metals. It is resistant to pitting, intergranular corrosion, and oxidizing chemicals. However, it performs poorly in hot, concentrated nitric acid settings.
G-type alloys
Typically, G-type alloys contain tungsten, the metal with the highest melting point. Certain techniques, such as gas tungsten arc welding, submerged arc welding, and shielded metal arc welding, can be used to weld this family of metals.
G-3 Alloy
This alloy’s high tungsten and molybdenum content render it resistant to corrosion. It is composed of 22 percent chromium, 20 percent iron, 7 percent molybdenum, and no more than 5 percent cobalt on average. It contains trace levels of other elements, with nickel being the most abundant trace substance.
G-30 Alloy
G-30 contains around 40% nickel, 30% chromium, 15% iron, and 5% cobalt, along with traces of other metals. It is particularly resistant to wet phosphoric acid processing.
Benefits of Hastelloy alloys
Multiple industries can profit from the usage of Hastelloy metals and alloys due to its longevity, exceptional corrosion resistance, and temperature resistance. Although alternative materials may suffice, these superalloys are readily available and applicable in a number of production processes.
Sourcing
As the fifth most abundant element on the planet, nickel is a readily accessible raw material. It is also one among the most widely used elements for alloying with other metals. As a result, Hastelloy alloys are comparatively inexpensive to produce and acquire.
Manufacturing
Hastelloy metals and alloys may often be welded using standard welding procedures. Among these methods are gas metal arc welding, shielded metal arc welding, and gas tungsten arc welding, among others. When working with nickel-based alloys, however, it is of particular importance to follow welding requirements.
Using Hastelloy alloys, manufacturers can improve the durability and dependability of their goods and equipment. When parts fail, costly errors like as production bottlenecks, fixed asset losses, and worker injuries are more likely to occur.
Applications for Hastelloy alloys
As a result of its superior mechanical qualities, Hastelloy metals and alloys are utilised in a variety of industries. Hastelloy alloys are widely utilised in the welding, aerospace engineering, and chemical processing industries due to their resistance to moderate to severe corrosion.
Aerospace
Numerous Hastelloy alloys are suited for aeronautical applications due to their resistance to creep and minimal expansion at high temperatures. In the aerospace sector, Hastelloy alloys are commonly used for structural honeycombs, fasteners, connections, engine components, and more.
Chemical Processing
The chemical processing industry is one of the largest in the United States. From prescription medications to cosmetics, it manufactures a large array of common products. The chemical processing sector invested $10,1 billion on research and development in 2019. As technology and goods progress, so does the demand for stronger, more durable materials.
Reactor equipment components, including as columns, piping systems, pressure vessels, and heat exchangers, can be constructed from Hastelloy alloys. Due to their superior corrosion resistance, they are able to survive a variety of the chemical reactions that occur regularly in these facilities.
Where may Hastelloy metals and alloys be obtained?
Manufacturers must be aware of the chemical compositions of Hastelloy metals and alloys when sourcing resources for projects. Understanding their chemical composition allows manufacturers to invest in enduring, high-quality materials.
Newzel Industries is a reputable global leader in the manufacture of precision metals and provides a vast array of nickel-based alloys. They offer support from their metallurgists and a vast alloy and material database to their customers.
Newzel Industries will help you locate the appropriate Hastelloy alloy for all of your manufacturing needs, whether you require pipe or flanges. Here is the Contact information for Newzel Industries.
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HASTELLOY AND INCOLOY: Both Hastelloy and Incoloy belong to the “superalloy” family, commonly known as high-performance alloys. As a result, they share a number of common qualities. They both have considerable mechanical strength, particularly at high temperatures, and are highly resistant to corrosion and oxidation
Hastelloy VS Monel: Hastelloy is one of the most corrosion-resistant nickel-based steel alloys available. Monel is largely made of nickel and copper (52-67 percent), with minor amounts of silicon, manganese, iron, and carbon.
